I have a shell script which I want to run without using the "sh" or "bash" commands. For example:
Instead of: sh script.sh
I want to use: script.sh
How can I do this?
P.S. (i) I don't use shell script much and I tried reading about aliases, but I did not understand how to use them.
(ii) I also read about linking the script with another file in the PATH variables. I am using my university server and I don't have permissions to create a file in those locations.
212 Answers
Add a "shebang" at the top of your file:
#!/bin/bashAnd make your file executable (chmod +x script.sh).
Finally, modify your path to add the directory where your script is located:
export PATH=$PATH:/appropriate/directory(typically, you want $HOME/bin for storing your own scripts)
These are the prerequisites of directly using the script name:
- Add the shebang line (
#!/bin/bash) at the very top. - Use
chmod u+x scriptnameto make the script executable (wherescriptnameis the name of your script). - Place the script under
/usr/local/binfolder.- Note: I suggest placing it under
/usr/local/binbecause most likely that path will be already added to yourPATHvariable.
- Note: I suggest placing it under
- Run the script using just its name,
scriptname.
If you don't have access to /usr/local/bin then do the following:
Create a folder in your home directory and call it
bin.Do
ls -lAon your home directory, to identify the start-up script your shell is using. It should be either.profileor.bashrc.Once you have identified the start up script, add the following line:
PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"Once added, source your start-up script or log out and log back in.
To source, put
.followed by a space and then your start-up script name, e.g.. .profileor. .bashrcRun the script using just its name,
scriptname.
Just make sure it is executable, using chmod +x. By default, the current directory is not on your PATH, so you will need to execute it as ./script.sh - or otherwise reference it by a qualified path. Alternatively, if you truly need just script.sh, you would need to add it to your PATH. (You may not have access to modify the system path, but you can almost certainly modify the PATH of your own current environment.) This also assumes that your script starts with something like #!/bin/sh.
You could also still use an alias, which is not really related to shell scripting but just the shell, and is simple as:
alias script.sh='sh script.sh'Which would allow you to use just simply script.sh (literally - this won't work for any other *.sh file) instead of sh script.sh.
In this example the file will be called myShell
First of all we will need to make this file we can just start off by typing the following:
sudo nano myShellNotice we didn't put the .sh extension?
That's because when we run it from the terminal we will only need to type myShell in order to run our command!
Now, in nano the top line MUST be #!/bin/bash then you may leave a new line before continuing.
For demonstration I will add a basic Hello World! response
So, I type the following:
echo Hello World!After that my example should look like this:
#!/bin/bash
echo Hello World!Now save the file and then run this command:
chmod +x myShellNow we have made the file executable we can move it to /usr/bin/ by using the following command:
sudo cp myShell /usr/bin/Congrats! Our command is now done! In the terminal we can type myShell and it should say Hello World!
You have to enable the executable bit for the program.
chmod +x script.shThen you can use ./script.sh
You can add the folder to the PATH in your .bashrc file (located in your home directory).
Add this line to the end of the file:
export PATH=$PATH:/your/folder/hereYou can type sudo install (name of script) /usr/local/bin/(what you want to type to execute said script)
ex: sudo install quickcommit.sh /usr/local/bin/quickcommitenter password
now can run without .sh and in any directory
1Add . (current directory) to your PATH variable.
You can do this by editing your .profile file.
put following line in your .profile filePATH=$PATH:.
Just make sure to add Shebang (#!/bin/bash) line at the starting of your script and make the script executable(using chmod +x <File Name>).
Here is my backup script that will give you the idea and the automation:
Server: Ubuntu 16.04 PHP: 7.0 Apache2, Mysql etc...
# Make Shell Backup Script - Bash Backup Script nano /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh #!/bin/bash # Backup All Start mkdir /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_rest.zip /etc -x "*apache2*" -x "*php*" -x "*mysql*" sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_apache2.zip /etc/apache2 sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_php.zip /etc/php sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_mysql.zip /etc/mysql sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/var_www_rest.zip /var/www -x "*html*" sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/var_www_html.zip /var/www/html sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/home_user.zip /home/user -x "*backup*" # Backup All End echo "Backup Completed Successfully!" echo "Location: /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")" chmod +x /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh sudo ln -s /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh /usr/bin/backupscriptchange /home/user to your user directory and type: backupscript anywhere on terminal to run the script! (assuming that /usr/bin is in your path)
Enter "#!/bin/sh" before script.
Then save it as script.sh for example.
copy it to $HOME/bin or $HOME/usr/bin
The directory can be different on different linux distros but they end with 'bin' and are in home directory cd $HOME/bin or $HOME/usr/bin
Type chmod 700 script.sh
And you can run it just by typing run.sh on terminal.
If it not work, try chmod +x run.sh instead of chmod 700 run.sh
Make any file as executable
Let's say you have an executable file called migrate_linux_amd64 and you want to run this file as a command like "migrate"
- First test the executable file from the file location:
[oracle@localhost]$ ./migrate.linux-amd64
Usage: migrate OPTIONS COMMAND [arg...] migrate [ -version | -help ]
Options: -source Location of the migrations (driver://url) -path Shorthand for -source=file://path -database Run migrations against this database (driver://url) -prefetch N Number of migrations to load in advance before executing (default 10) -lock-timeout N Allow N seconds to acquire database lock (default 15) -verbose Print verbose logging -version Print version -help Print usage
Commands: goto V Migrate to version V up [N] Apply all or N up migrations down [N] Apply all or N down migrations drop Drop everyting inside database force V Set version V but don't run migration (ignores dirty state) version Print current migration versionMake sure you have execute privileges on the file
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 7473971 May 18 2017 migrate.linux-amd64
if not, runchmod +x migrate.linux-amd64Then copy your file to
/usr/local/bin. This directory is owned by root, use sudo or switch to root and perform the following operation
sudo cp migrate.linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin
sudo chown oracle:oracle /user/local/bin/migrate.linux.amd64- Then create a symbolic link like below
sudo ln /usr/local/bin/migrate.linux.amd64 /usr/local/bin/migrate
sudo chown oracle:oracle /usr/local/bin/migrate- Finally add /usr/local/bin to your path or user profile
export PATH = $PATH:/usr/local/bin- Then run the command as "migrate"
[oracle@localhost]$ migrate
Usage: migrate OPTIONS COMMAND [arg...] migrate [ -version | -help ]
Options: -source Location of the migrations (driver://url) -path Shorthand for -source=file://path -database Run migrations against this database (driver://url) -prefetch N Number of migrations to load in advance before executing (default 10) -lock-timeout N Allow N seconds to acquire database lock (default 15) -verbose Print verbose logging -version Print version -help Print usage
Commands: goto V Migrate to version V up [N] Apply all or N up migrations down [N] Apply all or N down migrations drop Drop everyting inside database force V Set version V but don't run migration (ignores dirty state) version Print current migration versionJust:
/path/to/file/my_script.sh- Make the script file as executable by using file's properties
- Create alias for the executable in ~/.bashrc.
alias <alias namme> = <full script file path>' - refresh the user session to apply it.
source ~/.bashrc
