Difference between struct ip and struct iphdr

I am trying to understand how the network is working, i'm doing some test, sending some package... anyway

My point is that i can't find the real difference between "protocol" structure and "protocol header" structure.

For the ip structure, they both sized 20 bytes. but for exemple:

• struct ip and struct iphdr sized 20 bytes
• struct icmp sized 28 bytes
• struct icmphdr sized 8 bytes

I'm guessing that the struct icmp include a struct ip/iphdr? ?

And there is the same kind of structure with every protocol i have seen.struct udp / struct udphdr,

Is it link to IP_HDRINCL set on with setsockopt() ?

So my question is What is the real difference between them ? And When use the good one.

ip and iphdr struct:

struct iphdr { #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 ihl:4, version:4; #elif defined (__BIG_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 version:4, ihl:4; #else #error "Please fix <asm/byteorder.h>" #endif __u8 tos; __u16 tot_len; __u16 id; __u16 frag_off; __u8 ttl; __u8 protocol; __u16 check; __u32 saddr; __u32 daddr; /*The options start here. */
};

And IP HDR

struct ip {
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN u_char ip_hl:4, /* header length */ ip_v:4; /* version */
#endif
#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN u_char ip_v:4, /* version */ ip_hl:4; /* header length */
#endif u_char ip_tos; /* type of service */ short ip_len; /* total length */ u_short ip_id; /* identification */ short ip_off; /* fragment offset field */
#define IP_DF 0x4000 /* dont fragment flag */
#define IP_MF 0x2000 /* more fragments flag */ u_char ip_ttl; /* time to live */ u_char ip_p; /* protocol */ u_short ip_sum; /* checksum */ struct in_addr ip_src,ip_dst; /* source and dest address */
};

ICMP structure code here :

1 Answer

struct ip and struct iphdr are two different definitions of the same underlying structure, brought in from different places.

struct ip is defined in <netinet/ip.h>, which is a reasonably standard header on UNIX systems.

struct iphdr is defined in <linux/ip.h>. This header (and structure) are Linux-specific, and will not be present in other operating systems.

If you're not sure which one to use, use struct ip; code which uses this structure is more likely to be portable to non-Linux systems.

struct icmp and struct icmphdr are a messier situation:

• <netinet/icmp.h> defines both struct icmp and struct icmphdr.
• <linux/icmp.h> also defines struct icmphdr, with a similar structure (but, as usual, different field names) as the definition from <netinet/icmp.h>.

First: Don't include <linux/icmp.h> unless you have a very good reason. You cannot include both headers -- they will conflict -- and most software will expect the netinet definition.

Second: struct icmphdr is, as the name implies, the header. struct icmp defines the contents of a structured ICMP message, like a destination unreachable message.